Senatola

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10 October 2026 · from English · 22 sentences

Four Fables after Aesop

Source: Aesop's Fables, English by George Fyler Townsend (1867, public domain), text from Project Gutenberg (eBook 21): The Fox and the Grapes, The Ants and the Grasshopper, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf.

Literal: PL = ma, NOT = ne, REQ = vo, QUOTE = re, NEAR = hi, Q = ka, PST = po, FUT = vi, ONLY = so, ALREADY = ti, ALSO = mo, ADV = adverb ending, ADJ = adjective ending. Compounds with hyphens.

Whole text in one piece

nitapika duranami vese fapu gena linisa dofi domalini je lakude ko bima. lo fere nalu fola fu bamabura ma lo, ho lo bame goda so, ke lo pune ne pasa ma lo. lo vugole di vuriva. lo vuvesene vubala lo luti, su lo sene re „ma linisa tabele.“ re „ma lo domaline ne.“ re „mi kile po vumefo.“ ma vemajurama vukigene fonova di nupa rali kibavurida. ma lo genene fonova hi di kibarida. vemarisina vukide ko vera duranama. lo nube di goba ma vemajurama, su lo tane mefo vupulu nama. ma vemajurama pabe re „tu genene po ne nama ru kibarida ko vera ka?“ lo vupabe re „mi bure po ne radu lusa.“ re „mi senaduke po ru ma nupa.“ ma vemajurama sene govo re „tu tome nubaduka sa tokaveka di kibavurida, fi tu senaduke po vubano ru kibarida nali.“ vematada bure ma tasa vubeni, su lo nube vusevo. gosuma gove di tama hi di pavu nupa. vematada vupabe govo re „tu seve si pada.“ re „ho mi gete vi tu di nubaseva.“ gosuma dure mo, ke lo kile, de tama hi vuvede. ma lo dure, de vo nitapika pale fara su laba. nalu dosu vema rive medo di nupa nubaseva. vematada vurive nomo, ho lo nube vusevo su kiveso va vuriva fara. gosuma gepe di piva fara, su lo bamafeme. gosuma bamavugode di vuriva, su lo nubaseve. lo vese, de vematada gole ti va laba, su lo feme sepo gi goda lo luti. mela je nube vusevo ho vurive ne gete nubaseva. dorovarisa noge gena dorova di goba gevisa. lo senafase kiro jo feno re „ligana“ re „ligana“. ma mela gevisa gole fu duba lo, ho dorovarisa gove di tama ma lo. ho ligana gole mefo di vuriva. dorovarisa pulu dute, su lo senafase re „vo ma tu gole su dube mi!“ re „ligana vuvelene ma dorova.“ ho nomu mela lupe senafasa lo, su nomu mela dube lo. ligana bure ne vera fu duta, su lo vuvelene vusevo gena nali. ma mela lupe ne vumefara, fi lo sene mefa mo.

A famished Fox saw some clusters of ripe black grapes hanging from a trellised vine. She resorted to all her tricks to get at them, but wearied herself in vain, for she could not reach them. At last she turned away, hiding her disappointment and saying: "The Grapes are sour, and not ripe as I thought." The Ants were spending a fine winter's day drying grain collected in the summertime. A Grasshopper, perishing with famine, passed by and earnestly begged for a little food. The Ants inquired of him, "Why did you not treasure up food during the summer?" He replied, "I had not leisure enough. I passed the days in singing." They then said in derision: "If you were foolish enough to sing all the summer, you must dance supperless to bed in the winter." A Hare one day ridiculed the short feet and slow pace of the Tortoise, … … who replied, laughing: "Though you be swift as the wind, I will beat you in a race." The Hare, believing her assertion to be simply impossible, assented to the proposal; and they agreed that the Fox should choose the course and fix the goal. On the day appointed for the race the two started together. The Tortoise never for a moment stopped, but went on with a slow but steady pace straight to the end of the course. The Hare, lying down by the wayside, fell fast asleep. At last waking up, and moving as fast as he could, he saw the Tortoise had reached the goal, and was comfortably dozing after her fatigue. Slow but steady wins the race. A Shepherd-boy, who watched a flock of sheep near a village, brought out the villagers three or four times by crying out, "Wolf! Wolf!" and when his neighbors came to help him, laughed at them for their pains. The Wolf, however, did truly come at last. The Shepherd-boy, now really alarmed, shouted in an agony of terror: "Pray, do come and help me; the Wolf is killing the sheep;" … but no one paid any heed to his cries, nor rendered any assistance. The Wolf, having no cause of fear, at his leisure lacerated or destroyed the whole flock. There is no believing a liar, even when he speaks the truth.

Sentence by sentence (22 sentences)

The Fox and the Grapes

dog-red want-eat-ADJ see some group fruit-small black finished-fruit which hang from plant

A famished Fox saw some clusters of ripe black grapes hanging from a trellised vine.

Notes (4)
  • No time word; po only in direct speech, where it counts from the speaker.
  • fox = nitapika (from “The Raven and the Fox”), famished = duranami.
  • “Cluster of grapes” = gena linisa (group of berries), noun + noun. Both adjectives refer to linisa.
  • “Ripe” = domalini (finished + fruit), “hang” = lakude; “from” is ko here (down from the plant).

The Fox and the Grapes

it try all way for getting PL it, but it become tiredness ONLY, because it can NOT touching PL it

She resorted to all her tricks to get at them, but wearied herself in vain, for she could not reach them.

Notes (3)
  • “All her tricks” = nalu fola (every way).
  • “In vain” = bame goda so (only grew tired).
  • “Reach” = pasa (touch). In Senatola the fox is neither “he” nor “she”: lo.

The Fox and the Grapes

it leave in end. it hide sadness it self, and it speak QUOTE PL fruit-small sour-be. QUOTE PL it finished-fruit-be NOT. QUOTE I think PST false-ADV

At last she turned away, hiding her disappointment and saying: "The Grapes are sour, and not ripe as I thought."

Notes (2)
  • “Disappointment” = vubala (sadness).
  • “Not ripe as I thought”: si only takes a noun, not a clause. So: “They are not ripe. I thought wrongly.”

The Ants and the Grasshopper

PL animal-hard-working dry-make seed in day good winter. PL it collect seed NEAR in summer

The Ants were spending a fine winter's day drying grain collected in the summertime.

Notes (3)
  • ant = vemajurama (animal + hard-working), a new term.
  • “Dry” (verb) = vukigene (dry + -en-), freely formed. “Grain” = fonova (seed).
  • The relative clause (“collected …”) on the object is a sentence of its own, because “on a winter's day” has to come before it.

The Ants and the Grasshopper

animal-jump die from reason want-eating. it go in side PL animal-hard-working, and it ask-for true-ADV little food

A Grasshopper, perishing with famine, passed by and earnestly begged for a little food.

Notes (3)
  • grasshopper = vemarisina (animal + jump), a new term.
  • “With famine” = ko vera duranama (a reason with vera).
  • “Pass by” = nube di goba (walk at the side).

The Ants and the Grasshopper

PL animal-hard-working ask QUOTE you collect PST NOT food through summer from reason Q?

The Ants inquired of him, "Why did you not treasure up food during the summer?"

Notes (1)
  • “During the summer” = ru kibarida (ru + time noun = duration).

The Ants and the Grasshopper

it answer QUOTE I have PST NOT enough time. QUOTE I sing PST through PL day

He replied, "I had not leisure enough. I passed the days in singing."

Notes (1)
  • “Enough” = radu, as a quantity word before the noun.

The Ants and the Grasshopper

PL animal-hard-working speak laugh-ADV QUOTE you must dancing without meal-evening in winter, if you sing PST stupid-ADV through summer whole

They then said in derision: "If you were foolish enough to sing all the summer, you must dance supperless to bed in the winter."

Notes (3)
  • The fi clause comes after the main clause.
  • “In derision” = govo (laughing).
  • “To bed” is left out.

The Hare and the Tortoise

animal-hard have PL foot short, and it go slow-ADV. hare laugh in matter NEAR in one day

A Hare one day ridiculed the short feet and slow pace of the Tortoise, …

Notes (3)
  • tortoise = vematada (animal + hard), a new term.
  • di tama ma tasa vubeni su nuba vusevi vematada would not work well: vematada after the second member would specify only that one (su joins whole groups). So first two simple sentences about the tortoise.
  • “Ridicule” = gove di tama (laugh about).

The Hare and the Tortoise

animal-hard answer laugh-ADV QUOTE you fast-be like wind. QUOTE but I win FUT you in go-fast

… who replied, laughing: "Though you be swift as the wind, I will beat you in a race."

Notes (3)
  • “Though” = two sentences with ho (paraphrase).
  • “Beat someone” = gete + object; the opponent comes directly as the object.
  • “Race” = nubaseva (running).

The Hare and the Tortoise

hare want ALSO, because it think, that thing NEAR impossible-be. PL it want, that REQ dog-red choose path and goal

The Hare, believing her assertion to be simply impossible, assented to the proposal; and they agreed that the Fox should choose the course and fix the goal.

Notes (2)
  • “Assent” = dure mo (want it too), as in “The North Wind and the Sun”. It comes first: after the de clause, a su clause would still belong to the subordinate clause.
  • “Agree that X should” = dure, de vo ….

The Hare and the Tortoise

all two animal begin together-ADV in day go-fast

On the day appointed for the race the two started together.

Notes (1)
  • “The two” = nalu dosu vema: a quantity word never stands without a noun.

The Hare and the Tortoise

animal-hard stop never, but it go slow-ADV and straight-ADV to end path

The Tortoise never for a moment stopped, but went on with a slow but steady pace straight to the end of the course.

Notes (1)
  • “Steady” is contained in vurive nomo (never stops).

The Hare and the Tortoise

hare lie in edge path, and it fall-asleep

The Hare, lying down by the wayside, fell fast asleep.

The Hare and the Tortoise

hare wake-up in end, and it run. it see, that animal-hard come ALREADY to goal, and it sleep calm-ADV after tiredness it self

At last waking up, and moving as fast as he could, he saw the Tortoise had reached the goal, and was comfortably dozing after her fatigue.

Notes (3)
  • di vuriva comes at the end; at the front vuriva would merge with gosuma.
  • “As fast as he could” is left out.
  • lo luti points to the nearest subject before it, the tortoise.

The Hare and the Tortoise

person who go slow-ADV but stop NOT win go-fast

Slow but steady wins the race.

Notes (1)
  • The moral as a sentence: “Whoever goes slowly but does not stop wins the race.” The verbs joined with ho count as one; the relative clause ends at the verb of the main clause (gete).

The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf

sheep-person-small protect group sheep in side village. he call three-times or four-times QUOTE wolf QUOTE wolf. PL person village come for helping he, but sheep-person-small laugh in matter PL he

A Shepherd-boy, who watched a flock of sheep near a village, brought out the villagers three or four times by crying out, "Wolf! Wolf!" and when his neighbors came to help him, laughed at them for their pains.

Notes (3)
  • shepherd boy = dorovarisa (from “The Shepherd Boy”), “watch” = noge (protect), “flock” = gena dorova.
  • “Three or four times” = kiro jo feno: two adverbs with jo.
  • “Wolf! Wolf!” are two quoted short sentences; the punctuation of the whole sentence comes at the end.

The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf

but wolf come true-ADV in end

The Wolf, however, did truly come at last.

The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf

dorovarisa pulu dute, su lo senafase re „vo ma tu gole su dube mi!“ re „ligana vuvelene ma dorova.“

sheep-person-small much afraid-be, and he call QUOTE REQ PL you come and help I! QUOTE wolf dead-make PL sheep

The Shepherd-boy, now really alarmed, shouted in an agony of terror: "Pray, do come and help me; the Wolf is killing the sheep;"

Notes (2)
  • “Pray” (please) is left out; the request lies in vo.
  • vo ma tu: he is calling several people (you, plural).

The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf

but zero person believe calling he, and zero person help he

… but no one paid any heed to his cries, nor rendered any assistance.

Notes (1)
  • “Paid heed” = lupe (believe). That fits the moral at the end.

The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf

wolf have NOT reason for fear, and he dead-make slow-ADV group whole

The Wolf, having no cause of fear, at his leisure lacerated or destroyed the whole flock.

Notes (2)
  • “Lacerated or destroyed” = vuvelene (kill).
  • “Flock” appears here shortened as gena (the group).

The Shepherd's Boy and the Wolf

PL person believe NOT false-person, if he speak truth ALSO

There is no believing a liar, even when he speaks the truth.

Notes (2)
  • liar = vumefara (false + -ar-), a new term. From “lie” (senavumefe) + -ar- there would be six syllables.
  • “Even when” = fi … mefa mo (the truth too).